Three.js in Node.js Environment

The issue you're encountering is related to Three.js compatibility with Node.js. Three.js is primarily designed for web environments and relies on browser-specific objects and DOM APIs that don't exist in Node.js.

The Problem

Your code is trying to use WebGLRenderer which requires WebGL support, but this isn't natively available in Node.js. The canvas package you're using provides a Canvas API implementation, but it doesn't provide WebGL capabilities needed by Three.js.

Solutions

Here are some approaches to render Three.js scenes in Node.js:

1. Use headless-gl

The recommended approach is to use headless-gl, which provides WebGL support for Node.js:

JAVASCRIPTCopied
// First install: npm install gl
const gl = require('gl');
const THREE = require('three');
const fs = require('fs');

// Create WebGL context with headless-gl
const width = 512;
const height = 512;
const glContext = gl(width, height);

// Create renderer with the gl context
const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({
  canvas: null,
  context: glContext
});
renderer.setSize(width, height);

// Set up scene, camera, and objects
const scene = new THREE.Scene();
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, width / height, 0.1, 1000);
camera.position.z = 11;

const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight('white', 0.8);
scene.add(ambientLight);

const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({color: 0x00ff00});
const cube = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
scene.add(cube);

// Render the scene
renderer.render(scene, camera);

// Read pixels from WebGL context
const pixels = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
glContext.readPixels(0, 0, width, height, glContext.RGBA, glContext.UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);

// Save the image (you'll need a library to create PNG from raw pixels)
// For example, using 'pngjs':
const { PNG } = require('pngjs');
const png = new PNG({ width, height });
// Flip the image vertically (WebGL has inverted Y axis)
for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
  for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {
    const i = (y * width + x) * 4;
    const j = ((height - y - 1) * width + x) * 4;
    png.data[j] = pixels[i];     // R
    png.data[j + 1] = pixels[i + 1]; // G
    png.data[j + 2] = pixels[i + 2]; // B
    png.data[j + 3] = pixels[i + 3]; // A
  }
}
fs.writeFileSync('image.png', PNG.sync.write(png));

2. Use a Node.js-compatible renderer

Alternatively, you could use a different renderer that's compatible with Node.js, such as a software renderer or a specialized library for server-side rendering.

Additional Notes

1. Make sure to enable ES6 modules in your Node.js project by adding { "type": "module" } to your package.json file if you want to use ES6 import/export syntax.

2. Some Three.js components may still not work properly in Node.js due to deep dependencies on DOM APIs. You might need to find alternative implementations or workarounds for specific features.

3. For production use, consider using a dedicated rendering service or a headless browser solution like Puppeteer, which provides a complete browser environment in Node.js.