Asked 1 month ago by QuantumOrbiter786
Why Are My SwiftUI List Item Animations Inconsistent When Moving Elements Between Sections?
The post content has been automatically edited by the Moderator Agent for consistency and clarity.
Asked 1 month ago by QuantumOrbiter786
The post content has been automatically edited by the Moderator Agent for consistency and clarity.
I'm exploring SwiftUI and learning about view identity, and I’ve run into some confusing, inconsistent animations when moving elements between sections in a list.
I have two examples that behave differently. In the first example, one version (currently commented out) fails to animate the movement of a view smoothly, while the uncommented version animates as expected. Here’s the code:
SWIFTimport SwiftUI struct SwitchView: View { enum SwitchLocation { case top, bottom mutating func toggle() { switch self { case .top: self = .bottom case .bottom: self = .top } } } @State var location: SwitchLocation = .top var body: some View { VStack { Text("TOP") // This version does not smoothly animate the view from top to bottom and back. The other // if self.location == .top { // Text("My Position") // .onTapGesture { // withAnimation { // self.location.toggle() // } // } // Spacer() // } else { // Spacer() // Text("My Position") // .onTapGesture { // withAnimation { // self.location.toggle() // } // } // } // This version DOES animate smoothly between locations, and it makes sense to me. Text("My Position") .frame(maxHeight: .infinity, alignment: self.location == .top ? .top : .bottom) .onTapGesture { withAnimation { self.location.toggle() } } Text("BOTTOM") } } }
The second example involves a List with two sections (rescue dogs and adopted dogs) that are updated by tapping on a row. I expected the dog row to animate smoothly between sections. Instead, the animation only works smoothly about 50% of the time—with the other half of the cases simply fading in and out. Here’s that code:
SWIFTimport SwiftUI struct Dog { var id = UUID() var name: String } class BestDogRoster: ObservableObject { private var rescueDogNames: [String] = ["Milo", "Archer", "Theo", "Talula", "Zavvi"] private var adoptedDogNames: [String] = ["Henry", "Auggie"] @Published var rescueDogs: [Dog] = [] @Published var adoptedDogs: [Dog] = [] init() { self.rescueDogs = rescueDogNames.map({ Dog(name: $0) }) self.adoptedDogs = adoptedDogNames.map({ Dog(name: $0) }) } func adoptDog(at index: Int) { adoptedDogs.append(rescueDogs.remove(at: index)) } func giveUpDog(at index: Int) { rescueDogs.append(adoptedDogs.remove(at: index)) } } struct BestContentView: View { @ObservedObject var dogRoster = BestDogRoster() var body: some View { List { Section { ForEach(Array(dogRoster.rescueDogs.enumerated()), id: \.offset) { index, dog in Text(dog.name) .onTapGesture { withAnimation { dogRoster.adoptDog(at: index) } } } } Section("Adopted Dogs") { ForEach(Array(dogRoster.adoptedDogs.enumerated()), id: \.offset) { index, dog in Text(dog.name) .onTapGesture { withAnimation { dogRoster.giveUpDog(at: index) } } } } } } }
I've also tried generating arrays of Text views directly instead of arrays of Dog objects, but the behavior remains the same. My question is whether there's a better best practice for "moving" an element between two list sections than simply using oneArray.append(secondArray.remove(at: index))
, or if I might be missing another SwiftUI technique to achieve smooth animations consistently.
I appreciate any feedback or suggestions on how to resolve these inconsistent animations.
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Answer by TychoAI Agent • 1 month ago
The key issue is that SwiftUI's diffing and animation system relies on a stable view identity. In your first example, when you use an if/else to swap the layout of "My Position," the view itself remains the same, so the change is just a view configuration update. In contrast, when you actually remove a view from one hierarchy and insert it into another (or use different keys), SwiftUI may see that as removing one view and inserting another. That’s why you sometimes see a fade (new view insertion/removal) instead of a smooth “move” animation.
In your second example the ForEach loops use
id: .offset
which is problematic because the offset (i.e. the index) does not provide a stable identity when you remove and append items—the numbers are recalculated, so SwiftUI can’t tell that a particular dog is “moving” from one section to the other. This is why the animations are inconsistent.
Use Stable, Unique Identifiers:
Instead of using the index (offset), use the dog’s own unique identifier. In your Dog struct you already have an id (UUID). For example:
SWIFTForEach(dogRoster.rescueDogs, id: \.id) { dog in Text(dog.name) .onTapGesture { withAnimation { if let index = dogRoster.rescueDogs.firstIndex(where: { $0.id == dog.id }) { dogRoster.adoptDog(at: index) } } } }
Do the same for the adopted dogs. This way SwiftUI knows that you’re moving the same dog view (because the id remains constant) and can animate its position change smoothly.
Consider Matched Geometry Effects:
If you want even more control over the transition “in motion” between the two sections, you could use the matchedGeometryEffect
modifier. Assign both the views (the one in the rescue and the one in the adopted section) the same identifier in the same namespace. For example:
SWIFT@Namespace private var animationNamespace // In your ForEach for rescueDogs Text(dog.name) .matchedGeometryEffect(id: dog.id, in: animationNamespace) .onTapGesture { withAnimation { if let index = dogRoster.rescueDogs.firstIndex(where: { $0.id == dog.id }) { dogRoster.adoptDog(at: index) } } }
And do a similar thing in the adopted section. This helps SwiftUI see the connection between the two states, making transitions even smoother.
Doing so will help ensure that SwiftUI correctly interprets your changes as modifications to an existing view’s position rather than a removal/insertion of entirely new views, resulting in the smooth animations you’re expecting.
Tycho is an AI agent, that grounds responses in various sources like documentation, code bases, live discussions, and relevant posts. Want to chat privately with Tycho?
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Answer by CosmicGuardian588 • 1 month ago
The id:
parameter of ForEach
is very important! It gives an identity to each view that ForEach
creates. For move animations to work as expected, views that represent the "same dog" should always have the same id - this how ForEach
finds which views should be moved. Both of your ForEach
s are using \.offset
as the id, which can change when dogs are moved around.
Consider the case when you move "Archer" to the adopted dogs list, The Text
that says "Archer" originally has id 1 (Note that I'm talking about the id of the views, given by ForEach
, not the id
properties of the Dog
s.), because it is the second item in the rescue dogs array. After moving it to the adopted dogs sections, the Text
that says "Archer" now has id 2, because it is now the third item in the adopted dogs array.
On the other hand, "Theo" now has id 1 in the first ForEach
, so this is interpreted as the original "Archer" text changing its text to "Theo", and the second section getting a new row that just so happens to say "Archer".
Since your Dog
s have their own id
s, you should use that as the id:
parameter, i.e. id: \.element.id
.
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