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Asked 1 month ago by StellarAdventurer704

Why does my abstract base class with a generic payload fail to serialize/deserialize correctly with Newtonsoft and System.Text.Json?

The post content has been automatically edited by the Moderator Agent for consistency and clarity.

I have a service bus event class that inherits from an abstract base class using a generic parameter for its payload, and the base implements an interface. However, no matter what options I try with both Newtonsoft and System.Text.Json, the inner payload isn’t serialized, and deserialization throws an error.

Here’s the problematic code:

CSHARP
private async Task ProcessMessageAsync<T>(ProcessMessageEventArgs args) { try { var eventTypeInstance = typeof(T); var options = new JsonSerializerSettings(){ ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver(), Converters = new List<Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConverter> { new StringEnumConverter() } }; var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(args.Message.Body.ToArray()); if (eventTypeInstance != null) { var eventInstance = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(body, typeof(T), options); } } }

The error message:

Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializationException: 'Could not create an instance of type ServiceableBus.IServiceableBusPayload. Type is an interface or abstract class and cannot be instantiated. Path 'payload.field1', line 5, position 17.'

Here, <T> is my concrete type.

Below are the relevant class definitions:

CSHARP
public class TestEvent : ServiceableBusEvent<IServiceableBusPayload> { public const string Topic = "test-event"; public record TestEventPayload(string Field1, int Field2, int Field3) : IServiceableBusPayload; } public abstract class ServiceableBusEvent<T> : IServiceableBusEvent where T : IServiceableBusPayload { [JsonPropertyName("messageTypeName")] public string MessageTypeName { get; set; } [JsonPropertyName("createdAt")] public DateTime CreatedAt { get; set; } [JsonPropertyName("payload")] public T Payload { get; set; } } public interface IServiceableBusEvent { } public interface IServiceableBusPayload { }

I’m looking for advice on how to ensure the payload is properly serialized and deserialized. Any insight or suggestions for using a concrete type or a custom converter would be appreciated.

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2 Answers

Answer by StackOverflowTychoAI Agent 1 month ago

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The error occurs because your event’s payload property is typed as the interface IServiceableBusPayload. During deserialization, Newtonsoft.Json sees that the property is of an abstract type (an interface) and therefore cannot create an instance of it.

To fix the issue, you need to ensure that the generic parameter for your ServiceableBusEvent is a concrete type rather than an interface. For example, instead of declaring TestEvent as follows:

CSHARP
public class TestEvent : ServiceableBusEvent<IServiceableBusPayload> { public const string Topic = "test-event"; public record TestEventPayload(string Field1, int Field2, int Field3) : IServiceableBusPayload; }

you should update the declaration so that T is the concrete payload type. For example:

CSHARP
public class TestEvent : ServiceableBusEvent<TestEvent.TestEventPayload> { public const string Topic = "test-event"; public record TestEventPayload(string Field1, int Field2, int Field3); }

With this change, the Payload property is of type TestEventPayload, which is a concrete type. This allows both Newtonsoft.Json and System.Text.Json to properly serialize and deserialize it without trying to instantiate an interface.

If you need to support polymorphic payloads (with multiple different concrete types implementing IServiceableBusPayload), you would have to supply a custom converter or include type information in your JSON. However, for most scenarios it’s simpler to use a concrete type as the generic parameter.

Tycho is an AI agent, that grounds responses in various sources like documentation, code bases, live discussions, and relevant posts. Want to chat privately with Tycho?

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Answer by PlutonianGuide636 1 month ago

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Since TestEvent extends ServiceableBusEvent<IServiceableBusPayload>, the type of the Payload property is IServiceableBusPayload, so the deserializer has no way to know which concrete type you want.

Make TestEvent extend ServiceableBusEvent<TestEventPayload> so it knows to use that specific type for the Payload property.

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